Аннотация:
Background. Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2,2% (95% CI 1,5–3,0%) of age-standardized female deaths and 6,8% (5,8–8,0) of age-standardized male deaths. In 2016, alcohol use led to 2,8 million deaths and was the leading risk factor for premature death and disability among people aged 15–49 years, with nearly 9% of all attributable DALYs for men and more than 2% for women. One of the serious complications of alcoholism is psychosis, recorded according to WHO experts (1972), in about 10% of all alcohol addicts.
Aim. To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of alcoholic psychoses in the Karaganda region, to identify the clinical features of alcoholic psychoses. A transverse (simultaneous) study was conducted on the basis of the Regional Psychoneurological Dispensary of the city of Karaganda (Karaganda region, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Method. The study included persons of both sexes aged 18 years and older who were hospitalized in this hospital for the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 with a diagnosis of alcoholic psychosis. Exclusion criteria: data from any other mental illness of non-alcoholic etiology. Thus, 1598 patients were included in the study. A registration document was a map of a patient with alcoholic psychosis (developed by the authors). When filling out a card containing 19 items, the data of medical documentation (extracts from the medical history) were taken into account. After collecting the data, the prevalence of alcoholic psychoses was assessed, and each studied indicator in the studied sample with the calculation of confidence intervals. The data were retrospectively processed by the method of variation statistics using the computer programs Microsoft Excel and Statistica 12.0.
Results. The main factors affecting the course and formation of various alcoholic psychoses variants were identified, the features of the structure and clinic of alcoholic psychoses were revealed, a comparative analysis of the main clinical and psychopathological manifestations of alcoholic psychoses was carried out, and some epidemiological data were collected.
Ключевые слова:
alcohol dependence, alcoholic psychosis, withdrawal syndrome, alcohol delirium, alcohol hallucinosis.