Аннотация:
This article continues the review of medical criteria used in the world practice for admission of drivers (candidates for drivers) to drive vehicles on the example of Spain and Croatia. Following the article on the criteria for admission of drivers in Germany published earlier in the Narcology Journal, it is allowed both to note the unified criteria for admission of drivers in Spain and Germany, as well as the existing differences. Common for both articles is the inclusion in driver training programs information about the relationship between the risk of a road accident and the use of alcohol, drugs and medications that affect the driver. Regarding the detection of alcohol intoxication of drivers, it should be noted that Spain has a lower threshold for the concentration of alcohol in the body for professional and inexperienced drivers (less than 2 years of experience). At the same time, for those drivers who were previously identified as intoxicated, there is a restriction on obtaining a permit for the transport of dangerous cargo, and the obligation to pass special courses "raising awareness about driving while intoxicated". Moreover, it is interesting that the current procedure for obtaining licenses in Spain, which includes maintaining the Federal register of centers for examining drivers and the register of drivers (violators), which allows, among other things, to exclude the unauthorized possibility of drivers obtaining the appropriate medical clearance.
Within the framework of the national road safety program in Croatia, it was recognized that one of the main areas of activity to reduce the fatality rate from road accidents are activities aimed to change the behavior of road users, including the presence of a driver in a state of intoxication. In this regard, it should be noted that Croatia has a progressive system of driver’s responsibility for driving a vehicle under the influence of alcohol, which provides for an increase in the severity of responsibility when the detected alcohol concentration increases, as well as the legally stipulated confiscation of the vehicle and referral to an unscheduled medical examination of drivers if the blood alcohol concentration is more than 1.5 g/l. In addition, the law changed in 2019 significantly increased the fine for doctors of public (private) organizations if the latter fail to provide information to the police within eight days about all identified cases of deterioration in the health of drivers who are subject to restrictions when driving vehicles.
Ключевые слова:
traffic accident; traffic injuries; injury prevention; admission to driving; drug abuse; alcohol abuse.