Аннотация:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common diseases associated with early onset of drug use. Despite the fact that ADHD is more often associated with young age, symptoms characteristic of ADHD in childhood persist in 75% of adolescents. It is currently known that ADHD is detected in 15–25% of teens receiving drug abuse treatment. Moreover, ADHD has been found to be a key predictor of any substance use disorder. This literature review aims at highlighting main data on comorbidity of ADHD and drug addiction disorders. The relationship between ADHD and substance abuse in adolescents is examined in the context of alcohol, tobacco and cannabinoid addiction. We discuss current hypotheses of ADHD and drug addiction comorbidity basis – neurotransmitter imbalance and genetic causes. The main candidate genes and genomic networks are considered and transition to the modern model of medical care called "5P", which includes personalized pharmacotherapy, is recommended.
Ключевые слова:
drug addiction, ADHD, teenagers, candidate genes, genomic networks, comorbidity, neurotransmitters.