Аннотация:
The review analyzes the prevalence of tobacco smoking in adolescents, the degree of nicotine dependence and the effectiveness of various interventions for tobacco cessation. Most adults start smoking during adolescence: in the United States the prevalence of regular smoking initiation before age 18 in 50.1%, with 18 to 20 ages – in 33.1%, and over 20 age – in 16.8% of cases. Tobacco control measures introduced in many countries have led to a significant decrease in the number of smokers among the population and adolescents in countries and in Russia. The number of smokers is higher in families with a lower social status, in boarding houses. The number of adolescents who smoke electronic nicotine delivery vehicles (ENDS) is on the rise. In 2018, 21% of high school students in the United States vaping in the past month, up 10% from 2017; in Italy, the prevalence of ENDS among adolescents increased from 0% in 2010 to 17.5% in 2018. About half (49.5%) of adolescents made at least one attempt to quit smoking in the previous 12 months; in Russia, up to 60% of adolescents tried to quit smoking during the year. Interventions to stop smoking include cognitive behavioral therapy, telephone counseling and pharmacotherapy, resulting in increased abstinence rates after 4 weeks OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.22–2.87, but not with prolonged abstinence. In cases of high nicotine dependence and severe withdrawal symptoms, medications can only be prescribed by a physician, and pharmacotherapy in combination with behavioral interventions can increase the likelihood of successful cessation of smoking. Prevention of adolescent tobacco smoking is a key area of tobacco control, as most smokers start smoking during adolescence.
Ключевые слова:
smoking, smoking cessation, adolescents, elimination of nicotine addiction.