Аннотация:
Introduction. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the incidence rate of employees of the internal affairs bodies (IAB) with a new coronavirus infection was 6.6 times higher than the incidence of the population and was close to the incidence rate of medical workers of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The high risk of infection of police officers in the line of duty during the pandemic was a traumatic factor contributing to the formation of tension, with the need to improve the emotional state through the use of alcoholic beverages. The goal is to determine the influence of the emotional state and psychosocial characteristics on the formation of excessive alcohol consumption by police officers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods. A complete examination of 371 male employees of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Moscow was carried out. During the period of restrictive measures and self-isolation (04/10/2020 to 06/09/2020), announced by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of Russia dated 03/30/2020 No. 9 "On additional measures to prevent the spread of COVID-2019". The police were divided into three groups according to the criterion of the degree of involvement in the disease. We conducted a self-survey based on a developed questionnaire containing information about age, marital status, characteristics of official activity and a subjective assessment of their mental state in an emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Experimental psychological examination was carried out using the University of Michigan test, the Spielberger – Khanin personal and situational anxiety questionnaire, and the Bass-Dark aggression methodology. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the SPSS 22.0 program.
Results. Psychosocial factors contributing to the formation of excessive alcohol consumption by police officers during the COVID-19 pandemic were: situational-conditioned anxiety-subdepressive reactions, the stressful nature of the service, being on self-isolation in connection with anti-epidemic measures, service experience of more than 10 years. Factors that reduce the risk of excessive alcohol consumption among police officers include stable family relationships, having children and service experience of less than 10 years.
Conclusion. For the prevention of personnel in an emergency situation alcohol consumption as biological and social nature, differentiated approaches are needed to correct the psycho-emotional state of employees, depending on the degree of involvement in the disease, marital status, service experience in the IAB. It is advisable to re-profile the official duties of healthy employees during the period of self-isolation for epidemiological indications, involving them in remote forms of performing duties, which will contribute to the prevention of excessive alcoholization of personnel in the conditions of a pandemic.