Аннотация:
The use of electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS) by adolescents and children is increasingly recognized as a significant public health problem. According to studies in the Russian Federation, vaping occurred among adolescents in 8.5–35.2% of cases. In the United States, ENDS use by adolescents was in 33.1% of cases between 2011 and 2018, and 20% in Canada, double the rate in the 2017 report. In Asian countries, the prevalence of ENDS was lower: in South Korea – 8-10%, in Japan – 2.1-5.1%. It also showed that adolescents who had tried cigarettes and/or ENDS were more likely to have tried marijuana at follow-up compared with those who had not used tobacco (20% vs. 4%, respectively; OR 2.67). Overall, the study, conducted in 44 countries, found that about 9% of adolescents used ENDS, and the number of vapers was 3.9 times higher among 15- to 17-year-olds compared to 12- to 14-year-olds. Among the reasons for using ENDS, adolescents note curiosity, the taste of the aerosol, the possibility of use in places where smoking is prohibited, and the belief that they are less harmful than cigarettes (18.9%). Vapor inhaling increases the risk of developing diseases (bronchial asthma, bronchitis), exacerbations of chronic diseases. ENDS aerosol components may have a cytotoxic effect, and nicotine has a neurotoxic effect on the prefrontal cortex. In addition, vaping creates nicotine addiction and increases the risk of addiction to other psychoactive substances. In 2019, 2,807 young patients were hospitalized (and 68 died) with lung injuries associated with e-cigarette or vaping use (e-cigarette use-associated disease – EVALI). Given the increasing prevalence of their use, ENDS pose a threat to the health of adolescents and children. Although ENDS vapor contains fewer harmful, toxic and carcinogenic substances than tobacco smoke, action is urgently needed to protect children and adolescents from ENDS use.
Ключевые слова:
electronic means of nicotine delivery, vaping, adolescents, nicotine, prevalence.