Аннотация:
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a widely available over-the-counter method of treating nicotine addiction. It is licensed as first-line therapy in all countries of the world and is recommended in all national guidelines. The goal NRT is to reduce the motivation for smoking, as well as the physiological and psychological symptoms of withdrawal that develop during the period of quitting. In the Russian Federation, 4 products of nicotine-containing nicotine preparations Nicorette (Johnson & Johnson) are registered: transdermal patch, chewing gum, sublingual tablet and oral spray. With respect to NRT, 150 clinical randomized controlled trials involving more than 50,000 patients were conducted worldwide. As a result of a meta-analysis carried out by the Cochrane laboratory, evidence was obtained on the basis of available clinical studies that NRT, as monotherapy, doubles the chances of a smoking person to quit. The combination of different forms of NRT and their dosages makes it possible to create flexible treatment plans that allow personifying the treatment of nicotine addiction and significantly improving its effectiveness. In NRT, undesirable reactions mainly have local manifestations. It was proven that there are no side effects from the cardiovascular and respiratory systems associated with the use of NRT. The use of NRT is practically unlimited. It is effective for pregnant women, both in the prenatal and postnatal period, as well as for adolescents, starting from the age of 12 years. The article provides a detailed description of each form of NRT, their dosage and regimens of reception is given. Their possible combinations are described, taking into account the level of nicotine dependence of the patient, which makes it possible to further improve the effectiveness of treatment. A detailed description of the general principles of prescribing nicotine replacement therapy are provided, as well as treatment regimens for patients with reduced motivation to quit tobacco or electronic nicotine delivery systems. The algorithms of treatment for nicotine addiction described in the article can be used in daily clinical practice by doctors of any specialty while treating diseases in people consuming tobacco products.
Ключевые слова:
nicotine dependence treatment, nicotine replacement therapy, level of motivation for quitting tobacco