Аннотация:
Previously, the journal "Narcology" published the articles on the criteria for admission of drivers in Germany, Spain and Croatia, Switzerland, and the United States of America. This article continues the review of the medical criteria used in world practice for admission of candidates for drivers (drivers) to driving vehicles.
In Finland, all medical staff are required to notify the police of cases of deterioration in the physical health of drivers, alcohol abuse and the use of narcotic drugs or other psychoactive medicine. Also, a traffic police officer has a right to impose a temporary ban on driving a vehicle to any driver and send them to a medical institution for examination by a General practitioner in order to diagnose diseases that may affect the ability to drive a vehicle. Drivers who are repeatedly identified as intoxicated can only be allowed to drive a vehicle after it is equipped with an alcohol control device in the exhaled air (an alcohol blocker). At the same time, the police confiscate the previous driver’s license and issue a temporary one with a special mark on the possibility of driving only vehicles equipped with an alcohol blocker. In the Scandinavian countries, alcohol blockers are an important component of both the prevention of driving under the influence of alcohol, and additional "public punishment" in the case of repeated driving under the influence of alcohol.
The existing system of admission to driving a vehicle and responsibility for driving a vehicle under the influence of alcohol in China is very close to the Russian and Belarusian ones, but it has its own special characteristics. So, in China, drivers of 60 years and older are required to pass an annual medical examination. If the medical Commission identifies some facts that indicate the use of narcotic drugs and other surfactants by a driver, information about the driver is transmitted to the police station at the place of their residence. Driving a vehicle while intoxicated once is a lifetime ban for working as a school bus driver. If a driver is referred for a medical examination for suspected use of narcotic drugs and surfactants, police officers immediately notify the driver’s family members and transmit this information to the territorial health Department at the place of the driver’s residence.
In Belarus, a person is considered to have virtually no right to drive a vehicle from the date of issuing a medical report on the presence (or exacerbation of the course) of alcoholism, drug addiction, or substance abuse. In addition, Belarus maintains an active interagency cooperation in the transfer of information containing personal data about the above-mentioned persons from the Ministry of health to the Ministry of internal Affairs. For example, Belarusian health organizations send monthly information about all cases of alcoholism, drug addiction or substance abuse (including information about being taken under medical supervision or removed from medical supervision) to the traffic police units of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of internal Affairs and to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of internal Affairs at the place of residence (place of stay) of the people. Thus, from the moment the traffic police receive the list of people who have contraindications to driving a vehicle, they are officially recognized as not having the specified right.
The use of similar approaches to the exchange of information between agencies in Finland, China and Belarus makes it possible to restrict in a short time the driver’s access to driving a vehicle if they are found to have an alcohol abuse, the fact of using narcotic drugs or other surfactants.
Ключевые слова:
traffic accident; traffic injuries; injury prevention; admission to driving; vehicle; driver; medical contraindications; medical restrictions; drug abuse, alcohol abuse; drivers intoxication; legal drugs; psychoactive substances; medicines.