Аннотация:
Introduction. The development of effective programs for the treatment of alcoholism and maintaining remission is impossible without taking into account the territorial, climatic, social, cultural and behavioral characteristics of ethnic groups. The article presents the results of a study of the interrelation between the duration of therapeutic remission in patients with alcoholism and their personal characteristics from among the representatives of the indigenous population of Chukotka. Patients was observed during and after the undergoing a short-term rehabilitation program by the method of J. Marshak. The rehabilitation program is used in the research is the first in Russia and, possibly, in the world (there are no analogues in the available English – and Russian-language scientific literature).
Methods. The study consisted of 2 parts. The first part was conducted in a rehabilitation center, where the "Family Rehabilitation Program" was carried out, methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, observation methods were used for the study (work in a group, relationships with the team, cooperation with employees, psychologists and program consultants, the presence of desire and motivation were assessed) when doing "homework"), conversation, structured interview. The second part of the work is devoted to long-term longitudinal observation for 4 years for patients with alcoholism who have undergone a rehabilitation program. The influence of tertiary prevention based on the creation and maintenance of groups of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), individual counseling of "recovering alcoholics" (in the terminology of the AA community) was investigated, the main research methods of the second part of the work were observation methods, conversations, structured interviews (all three methods were used as remotely – by phone, and in the field during business trips – 1–2 times a year). To assess the quality of remission, the "Questionnaire for assessing the quality of remission in remote and hard-to-reach regions" (OOKRUTR) was developed and tested (Litvyakova, 2020).
The evaluation of the research results was carried out using the methods of mathematical statistics. For intergroup comparison of the mean indices of individual psychological characteristics of patients by remission factor, the Manny-Whitney U-test was used for two independent samples. In the intergroup comparison of the average indicators of the subjects by the remission factor, the N-Kruskal-Wallis test was used for three or more independent samples. For statistical analysis of the results obtained, we used Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS Statistics 22.
Results. The program was attended by 25 alcoholic families (7 complete and 18 single-parent families), 32 patients in total, 24 of them women and 8 men aged 20–50 and 26–52 years, respectively. The influence of individual characteristics and motivation on the level of compliance of alcohol-dependent patients rehabilitation programs based on the principles of working with a group of Alcoholics Anonymous (hereinafter – AA) is researched. The study conducted in Chukotka (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) for 4 years (2014–2018). It was found that therapeutic remission is the longest (4 years) at low indicators of Sensation seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale of Marvin Zuckerman), volitional self-regulation, perseverance, and the Locus of control-I. Patients who strictly adhere to the rehabilitation program are characterized by: ambivision; high levels of neuroticism, motivation to avoid failure, sincerity in answers; acceptance and tolerance of your child. In this study statistically different individual psychological characteristics that affect the duration of remission are identified.
Ключевые слова:
the peoples of the Far North, patients with alcoholism, rehabilitation program, Red Cross of Chukotka, exogenous hypoxia of the North, polar dyspnea syndrome, personal characteristics, duration of therapeutic remission, Alcoholics Anonymous.