Аннотация:
Introduction. The awareness of the population about the ability of alcoholic beverages to positively influence the psychoemotional status changed in emergency situations makes it the most popular psychotropic pharmacological agent.
Aim: to study the structural and functional rearrangement of neurons, synapses and structures of the blood-brain barrier in the brain at the first meeting with alcohol.
Methods. The experiment was carried out on 120 white Wistar male rats weighing 250-270 g, which were injected intraperitoneally with a 15% ethanol solution at a dose of 1.5 and 2.25 g per 1 kg of body weight. The structures of the brain related to memory, behavior, and performance were studied using neuromorphological techniques in the first 600 minutes of the recovery period.
Results. The neurons of the brain were distinguished by high reactivity and at the same time plasticity to the action of alcohol. Already in the first minutes of observation, the number of normochromic cells decreased. Among the altered neurons at all periods of observation, cells in a state of inhibition and a decrease in functional activity prevailed, which was also confirmed by karyometric data. By the end of the experiment, the functional activity of neurons was not restored. Histochemical studies demonstrated a high activity of anaerobic oxidation enzymes in neurons, but by the end of the experiment, the dehydrogenase activity was partially restored. Ultrastructural studies have shown that in the early follow-up periods, changes in the structures of interneuronal integration in the form of blockade of synaptic transmission, a decrease in the information content of synaptic membranes, and disorganization of the spine apparatus came to the fore. There was a partial dissociation of neuronal ensembles and the morphofunctional basis of impaired memory, performance and behavior was formed. However, most synapses retained their usual organization, and the observed changes were, as a rule, reversible. After 300 min of the recovery period, swelling of the perivascular astrocytic muff was noted with the formation of local foci of perivascular edema, which persisted even after 600 min of observation. This was confirmed by the high activity of alkaline phosphatase, which ensures the permeability of the capillary wall. At the same time, the unchanged activity of acid phosphatase indicated the absence of functionally significant foci of degeneration in the structures of the brain. Conclusion. Alcohol caused a number of early changes in the structures of the brain, which persisted throughout the considered recovery period.
Conclusion. Alcohol causes a number of early changes in the structures of the brain, which persist throughout the considered recovery period.
Ключевые слова:
emergency situations; brain; neuron, interneuronal connections, BBB, primary alcohol intoxication.